Abstract
Insecticide resistance has evolved in many pests. We performed a GWAS approach with the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to identify the mutations involved in resistance to two insecticides. Most variation in parathion resistance was associated with Ace, while most variation in deltamethrin resistance was associated with Cyp6a23, encoding a detoxification enzyme never previously associated with resistance. A “nested GWAS” revealed the contribution of other loci. We observed signatures of recent selective sweeps at all of these resistance loci and confirmed that the soft sweep at Ace is driven by the resistance mutations. Allele frequencies in additional population samples revealed that most resistance mutations are segregating across the globe.
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